\relax \citation{homestk} \citation{wipp} \citation{sk} \citation{sno} \citation{lsnd} \citation{boon} \citation{k2k} \citation{j2k} \citation{minos} \citation{cngs} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1} Introduction}{3}} \citation{e889} \citation{e734} \citation{e734d} \citation{k2k} \citation{kasuga} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Very Long Baseline Experiment}{4}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces Wide band horn focussed neutrino spectrum for 28 G$e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}${} protons. Spectrum of neutrinos are calculated at various angles with respect to the 200 m decay tunnel axis at the AGS and at a distance of 1 km from the target.}}{5}} \newlabel{bnlspec}{{1}{5}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Angular distribution of muons from the process $\nu _\mu n \rightarrow \mu ^- p$ (top curve) and background from $\nu _\mu N \rightarrow \mu ^- N' \pi $ (bottom curve). The histogram is data from E734 and lines are Monte Carlo.}}{6}} \newlabel{fig:e734mu}{{2}{6}} \citation{minos} \citation{cngs} \citation{sk} \citation{imb} \citation{imb} \citation{arafune} \citation{marciano} \citation{irina} \newlabel{eq:one}{{1}{7}} \newlabel{eq9}{{1}{7}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Nodes of neutrino oscillations as a function of oscillation length and energy for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.003 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. Matter effects are not included. The distance to Morton salt works (location of the old IMB experiment \cite {imb}) and Homestake is shown by the vertical lines. }}{8}} \newlabel{nodes}{{3}{8}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of detected quasi-elastic events in a 0.5 MT detector at 2540 km from BNL. We have assumed 0.5 MW of beam power and 5 years of running. The top data points are without oscillations and bottom are with oscillations. This plot is for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.0026 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. The error bars correspond to the statistical error expected in the bin. A 10 \% energy resolution is assumed; this corresponds to the expected resolution due to both nuclear effects and the muon momentum reconstruction in the detector.}}{9}} \newlabel{wcnodesa}{{4}{9}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of detected quasi-elastic events in a 0.5 MT detector at 2540 km from BNL. We have assumed 0.5 MW of beam power and 5 years of running. The top data points are without oscillations and bottom are with oscillations. This plot is for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.001 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. The error bars correspond to the statistical error expected in the bin. A 10 \% energy resolution is assumed; this corresponds to the expected resolution due to both nuclear effects and the muon momentum reconstruction in the detector.}}{10}} \newlabel{wcnodesb}{{5}{10}} \citation{marciano} \citation{irina} \citation{wolfenstein} \newlabel{eq:blah}{{2}{11}} \newlabel{eq6}{{2}{11}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6}{\ignorespaces Probability of $\nu _\mu \rightarrow \nu _e${} and $\mathaccent "7016\relax \nu _\mu \rightarrow \mathaccent "7016\relax \nu _e${} oscillations at 2540 km assuming a $45^o$ CP violation phase. It can be seen that the CP asymmetry between $\nu _\mu $ and $\mathaccent "7016\relax \nu _\mu $ increases for lower energies because the CP asymmetry is proportional to $\Delta m^2_{21}L /E$ which increases for lower energies. }}{12}} \newlabel{cpasym}{{6}{12}} \citation{study2} \citation{3m} \citation{uno} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1}Detectors for the very long baseline experiment}{13}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {7}{\ignorespaces Probability of $\nu _\mu $ oscillating into $\nu _e$ after 2540 km. The parameters assumed are listed in the figures. This plot assumes that there is no CP violation in the neutrino mixing matrix.}}{14}} \newlabel{pnumunuea}{{7}{14}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {8}{\ignorespaces Probability of $\nu _\mu $ oscillating into $\nu _e$ after 2540 km. The parameters assumed are listed in the figures. This plot assumes a CP violation phase of $45^o$. }}{15}} \newlabel{pnumunueb}{{8}{15}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {9}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of detected quasi-elastic electron neutrino charged current events in a 0.5 MT detector at 2540 km from BNL. We have assumed 0.5 MW of beam power and 5 years of running. This plot is for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.0026 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. We have assumed $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2 2 \theta _{13} = 0.04$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}= 5\times 10^{-5} e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. The error bars correspond to the statistical error expected in the bin. A 10 \% energy resolution is assumed; this corresponds to the expected resolution due to both nuclear effects and the electron momentum reconstruction in the detector.}}{16}} \newlabel{nuenodesa}{{9}{16}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of detected quasi-elastic electron neutrino charged current events in a 0.5 MT detector at 2540 km from BNL. We have assumed 0.5 MW of beam power and 5 years of running. This plot is for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.001 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. We have assumed $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2 2 \theta _{13} = 0.04$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}= 5\times 10^{-5} e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. The error bars correspond to the statistical error expected in the bin. A 10 \% energy resolution is assumed; this corresponds to the expected resolution due to both nuclear effects and the electron momentum reconstruction in the detector.}}{17}} \newlabel{nuenodesb}{{10}{17}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {11}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of detected quasi-elastic electron neutrino events in a 0.5 MT detector at 2540 km from BNL. We have assumed 0.5 MW of beam power and 5 years of running. This plot is for $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.0026 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$ and $\Delta m^2_{21}= 0.0001 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$. We have assumed $\mathop {\mathgroup \symoperators sin}\nolimits ^2 2 \theta _{13} = 0.04$. The error bars correspond to the statistical error expected in the bin. A 10 \% energy resolution is assumed; this corresponds to the expected resolution due to both nuclear effects and the electron momentum reconstruction. }}{18}} \newlabel{lm12}{{11}{18}} \citation{lannddp} \citation{study2} \citation{e889} \citation{lannddp} \citation{larhighres} \citation{e889} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Long Baseline Experiment}{19}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {12}{\ignorespaces Schematic of the WIPP underground site and a location for the LANNDD detector. A water Cerenkov detector array could also be accommodated at the WIPP site. }}{20}} \newlabel{landd}{{12}{20}} \citation{ICARUS} \citation{ICARUS} \citation{ICARUS} \citation{skahn} \citation{argonprop} \citation{roser01} \citation{foster} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}AGS Upgrade}{21}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {13}{\ignorespaces Spectrum of neutrinos at 1.5 degrees with and without oscillations with $\Delta m^2_{32}= 0.003 e\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {V}^2$ and full mixing.}}{22}} \newlabel{400km}{{13}{22}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {14}{\ignorespaces Short caption for table of contents }}{23}} \newlabel{icarus2}{{14}{23}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {1}{\ignorespaces AGS Beam Power Upgrade Plan.}}{24}} \newlabel{agsupg}{{1}{24}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {2}{\ignorespaces Parameters of the permanent magnet accumulator ring.}}{25}} \newlabel{page8}{{2}{25}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {15}{\ignorespaces Layout of the AGS facility with the addition of the super conducting LINAC.}}{26}} \newlabel{page3}{{15}{26}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {3}{\ignorespaces Cost of upgrading the AGS in two phases to 1 MW. The superconducting LINAC upgrade could be delayed to be after the accumulator. In this case phase I could deliver about 0.3 MW at a cost of \$30 M. It is assumed that the target station shielding can be retrieved from existing resources.}}{26}} \newlabel{agscost}{{3}{26}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {16}{\ignorespaces Placement of the permanent magnet accumulator ring inside the AGS tunnel.}}{27}} \newlabel{page9}{{16}{27}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {17}{\ignorespaces Placement of the permanent magnet accumulator ring inside the AGS tunnel. Satellite view.}}{28}} \newlabel{page10}{{17}{28}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {18}{\ignorespaces Time sequence of injecting pulses into the AGS. Top picture shows that at the moment 4 booster pulses are injected into the AGS during the period when the AGS magnets are at low field. In the new proposed configuration in the bottom picture the booster will inject 6 pulses into the accumulator which will store the beam until the AGS is at low field and then transfer the beam into the AGS.}}{29}} \newlabel{page4}{{18}{29}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Neutrino Beam Design}{30}} \@writefile{lot}{\contentsline {table}{\numberline {4}{\ignorespaces Preliminary cost of building the neutrino beam. The third column is for a beam with 200 meter tunnel. The fourth column is for building the beam with a 150 meter tunnel.}}{31}} \newlabel{bcost}{{4}{31}} \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6} Conclusion}{31}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {19}{\ignorespaces Possibilities for baselines from BNL. The distances from BNL to Lansing, Soudan, Lead (Homestake), and WIPP are 350, 1770, 2540, and 2880 km, respectively. }}{32}} \newlabel{blines}{{19}{32}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {20}{\ignorespaces The design of the horn focusing system used for the E734 experiment adapted from the E889 proposal.}}{33}} \newlabel{horns}{{20}{33}} \newlabel{RF1}{{5}{34}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {21}{\ignorespaces The beam line for sending a neutrino beam to Homestake mine, South Dakota. This same beam line can be adapted for any far location in the Western direction.}}{34}} \newlabel{planview}{{21}{34}} \newlabel{RF2}{{5}{35}} \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {22}{\ignorespaces Elevation view of the neutrino beam line to Homestake, South Dakota. For a nearer location a much smaller hill can be constructed. In this beam we assume a decay tunnel length of 200 m. For a shorter tunnel the cost of the hill will reduce as shown in table 4\hbox {}. }}{35}} \newlabel{eleview}{{22}{35}} \citation{roser01} \bibcite{homestk}{1} \bibcite{wipp}{2} \bibcite{sk}{3} \bibcite{imb}{4} \bibcite{sno}{5} \bibcite{lsnd}{6} \bibcite{boon}{7} \bibcite{k2k}{8} \bibcite{j2k}{9} \bibcite{kasuga}{10} \bibcite{minos}{11} \bibcite{cngs}{12} \bibcite{e889}{13} \bibcite{e734}{14} \bibcite{e734d}{15} \bibcite{arafune}{16} \bibcite{marciano}{17} \bibcite{irina}{18} \bibcite{wolfenstein}{19} \bibcite{study2}{20} \bibcite{3m}{21} \bibcite{uno}{22} \bibcite{lannddp}{23} \bibcite{larhighres}{24} \bibcite{ICARUS}{25} \bibcite{skahn}{26} \bibcite{argonprop}{27} \bibcite{roser01}{28} \bibcite{foster}{29} \bibcite{edm}{30} \bibcite{rsvp}{31}